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The State Security Service〔, Служба државне безбедности; (マケドニア語:Служба за државна безбедност); (スロベニア語:Služba državne varnosti)〕 (SDB or SDS), more commonly known by its original name as the State Security Administration〔, Управа државне безбедности; (マケドニア語:Управа за државна безбедност); (スロベニア語:Uprava državne varnosti)〕 (UDBA or UDSA), was the secret police of Yugoslavia. Best known at all times simply by the acronym UDBA,〔The acronym "UDBA" is derived from the organization's original name in the Serbian variant of the Serbo-Croatian language: "''Uprava državne bezbednosti''" ("State Security Administration"); the additional "A" for "''armije''" signified its being part the Yugoslav Army. The acronyms SDB (Serbian variant) or SDS (Croatian variant) were used officially after the organization was renamed into "State Security Service".〕 in its latter decades it was composed of six semi-independent secret police organizations—one for each of the six Yugoslav federal republics—coordinated by the central federal office. Although it operated with more restraint than other secret police agencies in the communist dictatorships of Eastern Europe, the UDBA was nonetheless a feared tool of control. It is alleged that the UDBA was responsible for the "eliminations" of dozens of enemies of the state within Yugoslavia and internationally (estimates about 200 assassinations and kidnappings). Eliminations vary from those of World War II Ustaše (fascist) leaders Ante Pavelić and Vjekoslav Luburić (in Spain and Argentina), to Croatian emigrant Bruno Bušić. With the breakup of Yugoslavia, every republic formed its own secret police but only Serbian branch kept its former name State Security Service. == Functions == UDBA formed a major part of the Yugoslav intelligence services from 1946-1991, and was primarily responsible for internal state security. After 1946 the UDB underwent numerous security and intelligence changes due to topical issues at that time, including: fighting gangs; protection of the economy; Cominform/Informbiro; and bureaucratic aspirations. In 1945 and 1946, for instance, the UDB was organized into districts. In 1950, when the administrative-territorial units were abolished as authorities,〔see the Act on abolishing of authority, LRS Off. Gazette no. 4/51〕 the UDB was reorganized again. During this period the intelligence and security activities concentrated less on intelligence and more on internal security. There was an emphasis on collectivism, brotherhood, social harmony, loyalty, and tolerance towards those with different views. Deviation from this set of values became an immediate issue for security services. Later, the use of force was mitigated and when the process of "decentralization of people's power" began, intelligence and security services underwent further reorganization in order to decentralise power and increase effectiveness. The Act on Internal Affairs〔FNRJ Off. Gaz. No. 30/56〕 and the Decree on Organization of State Internal Affairs Secretariat regulated the intelligence security authority as the prerogative of the State Security Directorate within the Ministry of the Interior. The following reorganization addressed issues relating to the competence of the federation (state security, cross-border traffic, foreign citizens, passports, introduction and dissemination of foreign press, and federal citizenship). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「State Security Administration」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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